The Pros And Cons Of Standardized Testing - 1100 Words

School for 10 months each year, for 12 years of a person’s life. Students getting taught four main subjects each day: math, science, history, and science. Then, every year, students typically take one big standardized test, or even more. These tests are claimed to give educators an objective that’s unbiased. Standardized testing supposedly helps identify the natural tendency of individual students, identifying skill development and progress. However, are these things what standardized testing really do for students? Standardized testing only measures a small portion of what makes education substantial. This means that education isn’t only about what is taught in each subject, but is also about how students learn and use their knowledge as†¦show more content†¦Due to the focus of certain subjects over others because of these standardized tests, some students aren’t getting the education they need for various things in their near future and for the rest of their life. Standardized testing is unfair testing to students of different races. One thing that research has proven is the issue of how we use these tests, and not the kids who take them. If you really think about the history of standardized testing, you will see this for yourself. Columbia University’s Professor Nicholas Lemann’s research has revealed that in the past, one test administered known as, â€Å"The Big Test: The History of America’s Meritocracy, â€Å" was first developed in the 1940s as a way to reject Jewish students from Ivy League colleges. This right here is verification that these standardized tests are not being used for educational purposes. This is just exhibiting that people were using this particular test to exclude students of a certain religion to specified schools. Also, in Virginia, one statistic shows that 68% of white students, 82% of Asians, and 45% of black students must pass the standardized tests in order to get fede ral funds for schooling. What exactly are they trying to get across here? This seems that they are attempting to expose that students of different races are smarter than others, so the state changes what they receive out of the test. In this case, it’s what funding they receive just basedShow MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of Standardized Testing801 Words   |  4 Pagescontroversial topic Since Middle School, I was not opposed to standardized testing. I thought of it as a way of testing us of what we have learned. Although, after reading some articles about standardized testing I am re-thinking the pros and cons. From personal experience, I thought of it as a challenge to pass them. But now that reminisce about it, I noticed some of the cons of standardized testing. I remember having a week or two dedicated for testing, and in case of students failing they had to take timeRead MorePros And Cons Of Standardized Testing1400 Words   |  6 PagesEven though there are many downsides to standardized testing there are still viable reasons why they are still being used today. One of the main reasons includes the easy and quick access of testing students. Standardized testing allows schools to quickly access a large amount of students at one time. This is also one of the cheapest ways to tests such a large crowd due to machinery that grades which results in low tests costs f or students. These tests also help by setting a national curriculum forRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Standardized Testing1050 Words   |  5 Pageseducational world is standardized tests. All fifty states have their own standards following the common core curriculum. There are many positives and negatives that go with the standardized tests. A standardized test is any type of â€Å"examination thats administered and scored in a predetermined, standard manner† (Popham, 1999). These standardized tests are either aptitude tests or achievement tests. Schools use achievement tests to compare students. There are pros to standardized examinations as toolsRead MorePros And Cons Of Standardized Testing1025 Words   |  5 PagesWhat are standardized tests? Standardized tests are exams that are administered, scored, and interpreted in the same way for all students. Now there are many pros and cons of standardized testing however, I believe that public and private schools should just abolish standardized testing all together. These tests determine a student’s academic performance and each student is given the same test with the same questions and answers. These tests are designed to measure the students learning capabilitiesRead MorePros and Cons of Standardized Testing583 Words   |  2 PagesStandardized testing has its pros and cons I do not believe in it but I will give you proof for and against the testing. We will cover some the history and where the testing came from and why we do it. I will talk a little bit of how I feel about testing and how much we should focus on ho w the students do on the test. I have interviewed a few teachers that I had when I went to school and some personal friends that are teachers now and how it effects how they teach. Most historians trace the beginningRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Standardized Testing Essay674 Words   |  3 PagesStandardized testing is a down fall to many students but also an opportunity for many others. Standardized testing has its pros and its cons. It can be the make it or break it factor into getting into colleges you are hoping to attend or the scholarships you want to earn. Some people may have their opinions about the test, whether they hate it or not but the fact is that it’s here to stay. What exactly is standardized testing you may ask, it is a test which measures the knowledge among differentRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Standardized Testing1491 Words   |  6 PagesStandardized testing was introduced by French psychologist Alfred Binet in 1905. The test originated because Binet was commissioned by the French government to create a tool to identify which students needed remedial studies. Over time, the standardized tests evolved into multiple different tests in multiple subjects for varying age groups of students. The tests were initially seen as a way to test a large sum of people with the same general questions to see an individual’s knowledge. Some peopleRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Standardized Testing1511 Words   |  7 PagesOver the years the educational system has faced various controversial issues, but the most recent one making a negative impact on students, is standardized testing. Standardized testing is a type of testing used to evaluate stud ents academic abilities . It is a way to measure if standards are being met but does not provide a variation in the type of administration based on the students needs (Sacks, 2000). In other words, all children are provided these test to track their learning progress basedRead MorePros And Cons Of Standardized Testing1201 Words   |  5 Pages Standardized testing is all based on your performance as a student on a specific day, time and place. What it doesn’t show is how you perform on a day to day basis. These types of test can be given in any type of form that requires test takers to answer the same questions, and is then scored in a â€Å"standard† or consistent manner. Students should not have to take standardized test because of many reasons. As a human I have days where I’m tired and didn’t get enough sleep the night before or it isRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Standardized Testing704 Words   |  3 Pagesschool. But the majority can attest to saying that they all hate standardized testing and the week that it brings. Every student knows this week all too well. From having one to two tests a day and then shortly after not being able to function properly on the rest of the school day. Many students will say that they all hate the idea of standardized testing and wish it to be gone. The real question stands though: is standardized testing increasing the performance of students? The main argument against

Essay about The State of Despair in American Beauty

The State of Despair in American Beauty In life, everyone must make choices. Choices give an individual the freedom to decide upon the path to which they will follow. Since it’s beginnings, the film making industry has focused on showing the direct relationship between the choices that people make and the resulting consequences they must face. In the movie American Beauty, the character of Lester Burnham must make many important choices that could either lead to his ultimate happiness, or draw him further into his despair. In the movie American Beauty, it is evident that Lester Burnham is in a state of despair. Lester’s dull and monotonous voice introduces the audience to his daily routine of life. When Lester declares plain and†¦show more content†¦This is obvious by observing the large room he shares with dozens of co-workers. The cubical Lester had is identical to the dozens of cubicles filling the room. Like all other cubicles, the workspace the employees shared was small and confined. Looking at Lester’s workspace, the audience can identify the bland and uniform area that Lester has faced on a daily basis. Lester was considered by others to be an â€Å"expendable employee†, having a job that was not required by the company therefore wasting the company’s money. Just as Lester was considered an unnecessary employee, his job became meaningless to him. Lester concluded he could not find a reason to justify his job; because his job had no meaning to him, or his emp loyer. If he decided to justify his job, Lester would continue a meaningless life at work, and continue to be â€Å"a whore for the advertising industry.† If Lester did not change now he would fall into a deeper state of despair feeling like he had sold â€Å"his soul† to â€Å"work for Satan† just because â€Å"it was more convenient that way.† Lester, considering himself â€Å"an ordinary guy with nothing to lose† chooses to quit his job as advertising writer. Upon his leaving he seeks out a new job, â€Å"with the least responsibility†, and is hired at â€Å"Mr. Smiley’s† a local fast food restaurant, which he is happy about. Making the choice to quit his job and work in a fast food restaurant finally brings Lester his chance to embrace happiness. ItShow MoreRelatedLucinda Matlock Poem Analysis936 Words   |  4 Pagesconsidered by some critics, like Ernest Earnest, to be one of the greatest poetry collections in American l iterature. 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I found this poem to pair perfectly with an artwork of the similar theme, beauty in destruction, and despair. à ¢ Burning Cityà ¢ by Phil Hopkins, the art perfectly captures the theme by presenting aRead MoreThe Road By Cormac Mccarthy1004 Words   |  5 PagesBeauty Is Everywhere Can light shine in complete darkness? In other words, can something beautiful exist in the midst of malevolent influences? Most people would say no, that beauty can’t be found in the midst of these influences. However, wherever there is hope and faith, there will be beauty. Beauty is everywhere, beauty can be found in people based off their looks. Beauty can be found in people based on their morals, ethics and the decisions they make. 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Mary Kay Objectives Essay Example For Students

Mary Kay Objectives Essay 30 facesShare the product with 30 women in your first 30 days and earn a datebook coverMelissa SvihraErica LiberatoreLiliana RamosMaria BedoyMelissa MichelsKara MoellerAlissa WodekSarah AbbyAggyLindaRebecca MuchSue Tellez Bre StetkeKaren ReaberMary TheisDeb | 5 interviewsHand select 5 women to call Jamie’s marketing hotline live or recorded (from July 19-July 31 and earn an awesome ring)1. Melissa Svihra2. Maria Oliver3. Lauren Picciala4. Mercedes Lepe5. Kathy Petersdorf| Order InventoryAlso track your Star Consultant Status ($1800 w/s or above) in order to earn fabulous prizes_______ w/s by end of July| MoneyEarn a trendy, black money bag when you sell $1000 retail in your first month. Submit your weekly accomplishment sheets each week on www. marykayintouch. comMy Sales Goal for the month $__________| 6 Meetings in a RowAttend 6 Monday night Success Meetings in a row with no skipping, and you can choose a cocktail ring1. ____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____ 6. _____| Recruiting GoalI will add __1__ new team members to my team by the end of the month! I will be a†¦. Senior Consultant 1-2 recruitsRed Jacket 3-4 recruitsTeam Leader 5 or more| Monthly challengeLuauAugust 28th 7pmBe a Golden Girl ($1000 w/s order in July) or add 2 recruits to qualify to attend the Luau with NSD Jamie Vrinios(Register at www. jamiecrusevrinios. om to attend Friday Saturday)| Monthly challengeHawaiian PJ PartyAugust 28th 10pmBe a Golden Girl ($1 000 w/s order in July) AND add 2 recruits to qualify to attend with NSD Jamie Vrinios| Item Selling ChallengeComplete selling $200 w/s and 25 items, 400 w/s and 50 items, 600 w/s and 75 items OR 800 w/s and 100 items to earn fabulous monthly prizes. Tracking form at www. unitnet. com/denisesowder| Contest Tracking for Consultants_July 2010

Toyota Motor Corporation Marketing Principles

Introduction The principles of marketing refer to the various concepts or factors that provide a framework for developing a marketing strategy. The principles inform the process of formulating the marketing objectives and strategies of achieving such objectives. The main principles of marketing include â€Å"product, price, placement and promotion† (Harker 198, vol. 4, pp. 315-327).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Toyota Motor Corporation Marketing Principles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These principles influence the marketing practitioner’s view of the role of marketing in a business environment. This means that firms define the role of marketing based on these principles. This paper focuses on these principles by critically evaluating Doyle’s definition of marketing. The application of Doyle’s definition of marketing will be discussed in the context of Toyota Motor Corporation. Definition of Marketing According to Doyle (2002, p.29), â€Å"marketing is the management process that seeks to maximize returns to shareholders by developing relationships with valued customers and creating a competitive advantage†. This definition views marketing as a value addition process that helps in achieving the shareholders’ growth objectives by establishing relationships with customers. This can be evaluated as follows. The Evaluation Management Process The above definition perceives marketing as a management function that focuses on the customer. This implies that firms are redirecting their attention from production to the customer in order to improve their competitiveness. This means that identification and satisfaction of customers’ needs is the most important aspect of marketing (Halstead, Jones Lesseig 2008, vol. 13, pp. 183-192). Therefore, marketing being a management process relies on the use of scientific, mathematical and economics techniq ues to achieve its purposes. These techniques help in understanding the customers’ needs and how to satisfy them. However, Doyle’s definition ignores the fact that marketing is also associated with art and creativity. For example, the design of adverts for a particular product is a work of art that is based on creativity (Srivastava, Fahey Christensen 2001, vol. 29, pp. 771-802). Since many marketing managers lack the art skills, the advertising activities are usually done by an external agency. For example, Toyota outsources the advertising services. Maximization of Returns The second part of Doyle’s definition, â€Å"†¦maximizing returns to shareholders†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Doyle 2002, p. 29) implies that marketing involves exchanges that are beneficial to both the consumers and the firm’s shareholders. The shareholders benefit from the revenue accruing from the sold goods.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can h elp you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The consumers on the other hand benefit from the satisfaction associated with the consumption of the bought goods. Thus according to Doyle, the main purpose of marking is to improve the profitability of the firm by increasing sales. This is based on the fact that the market is perfectly competitive. Thus the customers must be influenced to buy the product through marketing activities such as advertising (Halstead, Jones Lesseig 2008, vol. 13, pp. 183-192). This means that if Toyota’s marketing plan is informed by Doyle’s definition, then the main objective of the plan will be profit maximization. This can be achieved through low prices in order to increase revenue as the market share increases due to price reduction. It can also be achieved through high prices especially if the demand for Toyota’s cars is high. However, the application of this concept is usually limited by market inefficiencies such as the presence of monopolies. Monopolies for instance discourage competition and this undermines the ability of the marketing process to facilitate maximization of returns (Siomkos Viechopoulos 2002, vol. 3, pp. 22-38). Besides, various governments can introduce trade quotas in order to protect their local industries by limiting the sale of Toyota’s cars in their economies. This means that marketing can not always lead to maximization of returns due to market inefficiencies and external environmental factors such as regulation. Therefore, in order to maximize returns, Toyota must evaluate the influence of the macro-environmental factors on its performance. Customer Orientation The third part of Doyle’s definition, â€Å"†¦developing relationships with valued customers†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Doyle 2002, p. 29) implies that the customer is the focus of the marketing process. This means that firms must understand the demand of their products in order to remain competitiv e. This is based on the fact that the demand reflects the wants and needs of the customers (Halstead, Jones Lesseig 2008, vol. 13, pp. 183-192). Thus all marketing decisions will be informed by the wants or needs of the consumers. For example, Toyota will be competitive if its pricing decisions are informed by the amount of cash that potential buyers are willing and able to spend on its cars. The implication of this concept is that only the marketing strategies that are inline with the needs or wants of the customers will be pursued. This calls for a mechanism for evaluating the suitability of each marketing strategy. Besides, formulation of the marketing strategy must begin with evaluation of the needs of the customers (Halstead, Jones Lesseig 2008, vol. 13, pp. 183-192). The rational behind this concept is that producing goods without understanding customers’ expectations can lead to wastage of resources since such goods might not be bought.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Toyota Motor Corporation Marketing Principles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Focusing on the customer helps in producing goods and services that meet the expectation of consumers. Thus the customers will be able to receive value for their money. Customers will tend to be loyal to a firm and its products if they receive value for their money (Halstead, Jones Lesseig 2008, vol. 13, pp. 183-192). Hence the quality of Toyota’s products must be aligned to the needs of the customers in order to ensure brand loyalty. The concept of customer orientation views the marketing mix from the supply side and this can be explained as follows. The product represents the solution to the needs or wants of the customers. Such products will only be accepted if they satisfy the needs of the customers (Halstead, Jones Lesseig 2008, vol. 13, pp. 183-192). Promotion represents the sources of information about the market con dition. Promotional activities help the consumers to learn about the various goods and services being offered in the market. They also give the sellers an opportunity to engage the customers in conversations. Consequently, they obtain information about customers’ wants. The price represents the value that customers attach to the goods offered in the market. Customers will only pay for prices that correspond to the worth of the products especially if the market is competitive (Halstead, Jones Lesseig 2008, vol. 13, pp. 183-192). Finally, place denotes access to the produced goods. It determines the customers’ ability to buy the produced goods. Thus Toyota can increase the sales of its cars if it embarks on an efficient distribution channel in the global market. This can be achieved through partnering with independent car dealerships in various markets in order to eliminate the cost of establishing branches in every country. While Doyle believed that focusing on the cus tomer is the best way to maximize returns, the following views oppose his perspective. First, his perspective omits the role of internal efficiency in regard to marketing success. The marketing department must work together with other departments such as finance and research and development. This means that poor coordination of these departments will lead to a failure in the marketing process even if all the needs of the customers have been taken into account (Srivastava, Fahey Christensen 2001, vol. 29, pp. 771-802). For example, the finance department can fail to fund the marketing strategy on the ground that it will interfere with the firm’s cash flows. Thus Toyota’s marketing team must also focus on the role the firm as whole in the marketing process in order to succeed. Second, Doyle’s definition does not focus on the product and this can lead to failure. Customers’ feedback in regard to product development is sometimes unreliable.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is based on the fact that customers can not predict the products that will be available to them in future (Srivastava, Fahey Christensen 2001, vol. 29, pp. 771-802). This means that they can not inform the producers on the goods that they will buy in future. Consequently, a manufacturer like Toyota can focus on producing a product through its own research and development and then use the marketing process to create a market for the product. Segmentation According to Doyle’s definition, returns are maximized if the firm is able to establish relationships with valued customers. ‘Valued customers’ in this case denotes the concept of segmentation. Segmentation refers to the process of identifying the â€Å"most suitable group of buyers to target with specific products† (Siomkos Viechopoulos 2002, vol. 3, pp. 22-38). This helps a company to focus its resources on the section of the market that it can best serve at the existing level of competition. Thus Doyle believed that firms can realize high returns if they focus their marketing activities on particular segments of the market. For example, Toyota will be able to realize more sales if it continues to target the middle income earners who currently form the bulk of its customers. However, most market segments usually become saturated as competition intensifies and this causes price reduction (Srivastava, Fahey Christensen 2001, vol. 29, pp. 771-802). Thus even the most valuable segments will not realize maximum returns. This implies that in addition to the existing segments, firms must identify and establish relationships with customers in new segments. Competitive Advantage This refers to the â€Å"strategic advantages that one business has over its rivals in a competitive industry† (Siomkos Viechopoulos 2002, vol. 3, pp. 22-38). The last part of Doyle’s definition relates to creation of competitive advantages in the market. Competitive advantages are created if a firm is able to position itself as the best in the market. This is achieved if the consumers are able to identify with and remain loyal to the firm’s brands in the market. Competitive advantages are created as follows. First, the firm must analyze the influence of macro-environmental factors on its performance. Such factors include â€Å"political, economic, social, technology, environment and legal factors† (Siomkos Viechopoulos 2002, vol. 3, pp. 22-38). The firm must be able to exploit the opportunities associated with these factors while reducing the threats resulting from them in order to create competitive advantages. Second, the firm must analyze the level of competition in order to formulate the best marketing strategy. Finally, the firm must understand the consumers’ behavior in regard to consumption patterns. This helps in influencing the customers’ purchasing decisions (Siomkos Viechopoulos 2002, vol. 3, pp. 22-38). Thus the firm will be able to increase its sales and market share as the customers become loyal to the brand. Conclusion and Recommendations Doyle’s definition of marketing focuses on the customer and the importance of maintaining relationships with customers. According to his definition, the main purpose of marketing is to add value by maximizing returns on investments. Even though his perspective can be used by a firm to maximize returns, his definition does not apply under all market conditions. Consequently, the following recommendations can be considered. First, the marketing process should focus on the product and organizational efficiency in addition to the customer (Srivastava, Fahey Christensen 2001, vol. 29, pp. 771-802). This will help in preventing failures associated with market inefficiencies and external environmental factors. Second, firms should always find new segments and establish new relationships with customers in order to avoid the negative effects of competition. Finally, the marking objectives should be informed by the firm’s vision and mission in addition to the need to maximize returns. The vision will help in realizing the overall goals of the organization. References Doyle, P 2002, Value-based marketing, Wiley, Chichester. Halstead, D, Jones, M Lesseig, V 2008, ‘The customer orientations of financial advisers’, Journal of Financial Services, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 183-192. Harker, M 1998, ‘The role of marketing in the company turnaround process’, Industrial Marketing Management, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 315-327. Siomkos, G Viechopoulos, A 2002, ‘Strategic marketing planning for competitive advantages in electronic commerce’, International Journal of Services, Technology and Management, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 22-38. Srivastava, R, Fahey, K Christensen, K 2001, ‘The resource-based view of and marketing: the role of market-based assets in gaining competitive advantages’, Journal of Management, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 771-802. This essay on Toyota Motor Corporation Marketing Principles was written and submitted by user Braeden Espinoza to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.